Fundamental Efforts toward the Development of a Therapeutic Cocktail with a Manifold Ameliorative Effect on Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Objective: Ischemia/reperfusion injury is mediated by various mechanisms. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of a multiple pharmacological approach toward ischemia/reperfusion injury reduction. Methods : The left liver lobe of Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent normothermic ischemia for 90 minutes after a cocktail (glycine, taurine, alanine, arginine, and prednisolon) intravenous administration. Controls received normal saline. Liver injury (transaminases, histology) and cellular activation [Kupffer cell phagocytosis, production of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα), and prostaglandin E‐2 (PGE 2 )], as well as microcirculation and leukocyte‐endothelial interaction ( in vivo microscopy), were assessed. Results : Whereas in controls a substantial increase of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase to 2,341±477, 1,442±262, and 1,973±73 U/L, respectively, was measured eight hours after reperfusion, the cocktail significantly reduced the increase of enzymes by 33–80% ( P <0.05). Further, necrosis, index of liver damage, and index of leukocyte infiltration significantly decreased after the cocktail ( P <0.05). Moreover, the cocktail improved acinar and sinusoidal perfusion, while the sinusoidal diameters, leukocyte‐endothelial interaction, Kupffer cell phagocytic activity, and TNFα/PGE 2 serum levels were significantly reduced, the latter by 86% and to 1.64‐fold, respectively. Conclusions : This study depicts that multifaceted pharmacological tackling of ischemia/reperfusion injury is feasible and protects rat liver tissue from warm ischemia/reperfusion injury.