Premium
Is Bipolar Disorder a Risk for Cigarette Smoking in ADHD Youth?
Author(s) -
Wilens Timothy E.,
Biederman Joseph,
Milberger Sharon,
Hahesy Amy L.,
Goldman Sarah,
Wozniak Janet,
Spencer Thomas J.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
the american journal on addictions
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.997
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1521-0391
pISSN - 1055-0496
DOI - 10.1080/10550490050148017
Subject(s) - substance abuse , psychiatry , conduct disorder , odds ratio , psychology , proband , bipolar disorder , risk factor , clinical psychology , logistic regression , juvenile delinquency , cigarette smoking , medicine , mood , biochemistry , chemistry , mutation , gene
Despite emerging literature linking juvenile bipolar disorder (BPD) and substance abuse, little is known about a link between BPD and cigarette smoking. To this end, we evaluated the association between BPD and cigarette smoking in youth. Subjects were 31 bipolar adolescents derived from a cohort of boys with DSM‐III‐R ADHD (N = 128) and non‐ADHD comparisons (N = 109) followed prospectively for 4 years into mid‐adolescence. Information on cigarette smoking was obtained in a standardized manner blind to the proband's clinical status. Logistic regression models were used to determine risk for smoking at follow‐up. BPD was associated with a higher risk for cigarette smoking in mid‐adolescence, which was largely accounted for by conduct disorder. The developmental onset of BPD in adolescence (age 13–18 years) conferred a greater risk for cigarette smoking compared to those youths with the onset of their BPD prepubertally (≤ 12 years; odds ratio = 10.8, p < 0.01), even after controlling for conduct disorder and other confounds. The naturalistic treatment of BPD with combined counseling and pharmacotherapy appeared to reduce the risk for cigarette smoking. BPD, particularly when it onsets in adolescence, is a significant risk factor for the early initiation of cigarette smoking in these ADHD youths. These data coupled with the literature strongly suggest that juveniles with BPD need to be carefully monitored for the early initiation of cigarette smoking and substance abuse.