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Susceptibility of Fish and Turtles to Three Ranaviruses Isolated from Different Ectothermic Vertebrate Classes
Author(s) -
Brenes Roberto,
Miller Debra L.,
Waltzek Thomas. B.,
Wilkes Rebecca P.,
Tucker Jennifer L.,
Chaney Jordan C.,
Hardman Rebecca H.,
Brand Mabre D.,
Huether Rebecca R.,
Gray Matthew J.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of aquatic animal health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.507
H-Index - 52
eISSN - 1548-8667
pISSN - 0899-7659
DOI - 10.1080/08997659.2014.886637
Subject(s) - ranavirus , biology , iridovirus , ictalurus , zoology , juvenile , turtle (robot) , vertebrate , catfish , ecology , fishery , amphibian , fish <actinopterygii> , biochemistry , gene
Ranaviruses have been associated with mortality of lower vertebrates around the world. Frog virus 3 (FV3)‐like ranaviruses have been isolated from different ectothermic vertebrate classes; however, few studies have demonstrated whether this pathogen can be transmitted among classes. Using FV3‐like ranaviruses isolated from the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus , eastern box turtle Terrapene carolina carolina , and Pallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus , we tested for the occurrence of interclass transmission (i.e., infection) and host susceptibility (i.e., percent mortality) for five juvenile fish and three juvenile turtle species exposed to each of these isolates. Exposure was administered via water bath (10 3 PFU/mL) for 3 d and survival was monitored for 28 d. Florida softshell turtles Apalone ferox experienced no mortality, but 10% and 20% of individuals became infected by the turtle and fish isolate, respectively. Similarly, 5% of Mississippi map turtles Graptemys pseudogeographica kohni were subclinically infected with the turtle isolate at the end of the experiment. Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus experienced 5% mortality when exposed to the turtle isolate, while Western Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis experienced 10% mortality when exposed to the turtle and amphibian isolates and 5% mortality when exposed to the fish isolate. Our results demonstrated that interclass transmission of FV3‐like ranaviruses is possible. Although substantial mortality did not occur in our experiments, the occurrence of low mortality and subclinical infections suggest that fish and aquatic turtles may function as reservoirs for FV3‐like ranaviruses. Additionally, our study is the first to report transmission of FV3‐like ranaviruses between fish and chelonians. Received October 22, 2013; accepted January 8, 2014.