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In the course of studies about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of motor end plate formation, the distribution of the Golgi apparatus (GA) has been investigated by immunofluorescence methods in chick skeletal muscle in primary culture and in innervated muscles of 15-day-old chicks. By using a monoclonal antibody directed against the GA, we confirmed the known distribution of the GA in myogenic cells: a juxtanuclear polarized organization in myoblasts and a perinuclear nonpolarized distribution in myotubes. In contrast, the innervated anterior latissimus dorsi muscle of "young adult" chicks displayed a focal distribution of GA that appeared restricted to areas located underneath the motor end plates identified by alpha-bungarotoxin fluorescent labeling of the acetylcholine receptor. Five days after denervation of anterior latissimus dorsi muscle, a striking reorganization and expansion of the GA was observed. The GA now showed a perinuclear distribution in close association with every nucleus of the muscle fibers as observed in myotubes. The focal distribution of the GA in innervated muscle fibers and its remodeling upon denervation are interpreted in terms of a model of local synthesis, processing, and routing of acetylcholine receptor to the end plate and of regulation of these processes by functional motor innervation.

Golgi apparatus in chick skeletal muscle: changes in its distribution during end plate development and after denervation.