A 680,000-person megastudy of nudges to encourage vaccination in pharmacies | Zendy

Katherine L. Milkman | Zendy; Linnea Gandhi | Zendy; Mitesh S. Patel | Zendy; Heather N. Graci | Zendy; Dena M. Gromet | Zendy; Hung S. Ho | Zendy; Joseph Kay | Zendy; Timothy W. Lee | Zendy; Jake Rothschild | Zendy; Jonathan E. Bogard | Zendy; Ilana Brody | Zendy; Christopher F. Chabris | Zendy; Edward H. Chang | Zendy; Gretchen B. Chapman | Zendy; Jennifer Dannals | Zendy; Noah J. Goldstein | Zendy; Amir Goren | Zendy; Hal E. Hershfield | Zendy; Alex Hirsch | Zendy; Jillian Hmurovic | Zendy; Samantha Horn | Zendy; Dean Karlan | Zendy; Ariella Kristal | Zendy; Cait Lamberton | Zendy; Michelle N. Meyer | Zendy; Allison H. Oakes | Zendy; Maurice E. Schweitzer | Zendy; Maheen Shermohammed | Zendy; Joachim H. Talloen | Zendy; Caleb Warren | Zendy; Ashley V. Whillans | Zendy; Kuldeep N. Yadav | Zendy; Julian Jake Zlatev | Zendy; Ron Berman | Zendy; Chalanda N. Evans | Zendy; Rahul Ladhania | Zendy; Jens Ludwig | Zendy; Nina Mažar | Zendy; Sendhil Mullainathan | Zendy; Christopher K. Snider | Zendy; Jann Spiess | Zendy; Eli Tsukayama | Zendy; Lyle Ungar | Zendy; Christophe Van den Bulte | Zendy; Kevin G. Volpp | Zendy; Angela Duckworth | Zendy

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A 680,000-person megastudy of nudges to encourage vaccination in pharmacies

Author(s) -

Katherine L. Milkman,

Linnea Gandhi,

Mitesh S. Patel,

Heather N. Graci,

Dena M. Gromet,

Hung S. Ho,

Joseph Kay,

Timothy W. Lee,

Jake Rothschild,

Jonathan E. Bogard,

Ilana Brody,

Christopher F. Chabris,

Edward H. Chang,

Gretchen B. Chapman,

Jennifer Dannals,

Noah J. Goldstein,

Amir Goren,

Hal E. Hershfield,

Alex Hirsch,

Jillian Hmurovic,

Samantha Horn,

Dean Karlan,

Ariella Kristal,

Cait Lamberton,

Michelle N. Meyer,

Allison H. Oakes,

Maurice E. Schweitzer,

Maheen Shermohammed,

Joachim H. Talloen,

Caleb Warren,

Ashley V. Whillans,

Kuldeep N. Yadav,

Julian Jake Zlatev,

Ron Berman,

Chalanda N. Evans,

Rahul Ladhania,

Jens Ludwig,

Nina Mažar,

Sendhil Mullainathan,

Christopher K. Snider,

Jann Spiess,

Eli Tsukayama,

Lyle Ungar,

Christophe Van den Bulte,

Kevin G. Volpp,

Angela Duckworth

Publication year - 2022

Publication title -

proceedings of the national academy of sciences

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 5.011

H-Index - 771

eISSN - 1091-6490

pISSN - 0027-8424

DOI - 10.1073/pnas.2115126119

Subject(s) - pharmacy , vaccination , nudge theory , intervention (counseling) , medicine , variety (cybernetics) , value (mathematics) , family medicine , psychology , advertising , business , computer science , nursing , social psychology , virology , artificial intelligence , machine learning

Significance Encouraging vaccination is a pressing policy problem. Our megastudy with 689,693 Walmart pharmacy customers demonstrates that text-based reminders can encourage pharmacy vaccination and establishes what kinds of messages work best. We tested 22 different text reminders using a variety of different behavioral science principles to nudge flu vaccination. Reminder texts increased vaccination rates by an average of 2.0 percentage points (6.8%) over a business-as-usual control condition. The most-effective messages reminded patients that a flu shot was waiting for them and delivered reminders on multiple days. The top-performing intervention included two texts 3 d apart and stated that a vaccine was “waiting for you.” Forecasters failed to anticipate that this would be the best-performing treatment, underscoring the value of testing.

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