Open AccessA deep eutectic-based, self-emulsifying subcutaneous depot system for apomorphine therapy in Parkinson’s disease
Author(s) -
Jayoung Kim,
Yongsheng Gao,
Zongmin Zhao,
Danika Rodrigues,
Eden E. L. Tanner,
Kelly N. Ibsen,
Pradip K. Sasmal,
Rajasekhar Jaladi,
Shanavas Alikunju,
Samir Mitragotri
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.011
H-Index - 771
eISSN - 1091-6490
pISSN - 0027-8424
DOI - 10.1073/pnas.2110450119
Subject(s) - pharmacokinetics , pharmacology , medicine , apomorphine , in vivo , subcutaneous injection , parkinson's disease , chemistry , dopaminergic , dopamine , biology , disease , microbiology and biotechnology
Significance Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system that affects motor control. While subcutaneous injection of apomorphine (Apokyn) is clinically used to alleviate intermittent episodes of dyskinesia, the treatment requires multiple injections of the drug per day, significantly deterring patient compliance. We introduce a deep eutectic-based ternary solvent system that self-emulsifies in situ following subcutaneous injection and entraps apomorphine, allowing a 48-h duration of detectable drug concentration in the plasma of pigs, which is a remarkable improvement over the clinical comparator. The results from the animal studies support the self-emulsifying system as a potent, long-lasting therapeutic for PD patients and potentially for other therapeutics that have a similar delivery challenge.