A single factor elicits multilineage reprogramming of astrocytes in the adult mouse striatum

Significance Outside the neurogenic niches, the adult brain lacks multipotent progenitor cells. In this study, we performed a series of in vivo screens and reveal that a single factor can induce resident brain astrocytes to become induced neural progenitor cells (iNPCs), which then generate neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Such a conclusion is supported by single-cell RNA sequencing and multiple lineage-tracing experiments. Our discovery of iNPCs is fundamentally important for regenerative medicine since neural injuries or degeneration often lead to loss/dysfunction of all three neural lineages. Our findings also provide insights into cell plasticity in the adult mammalian brain, which has largely lost the regenerative capacity.