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Significance Metazoan species optimize the timing of reproduction to maximize fitness. To understand how biological clocks direct reproduction, we investigated the neural substrates that produce oogenesis rhythms in the genetically amenable model organismDrosophila melanogaster . The neuropeptide allatostatin C (AstC) is an insect counterpart of the vertebrate neuropeptide somatostatin, which suppresses gonadotropin production. A subset of the brain circadian pacemaker neurons produces AstC. We have uncovered that these clock-associated AstC neurons generate the circadian oogenesis rhythm via brain insulin-producing cells and the insect gonadotropin juvenile hormone. Identification of a conserved neuropeptide pathway that links female reproduction and the biological clock offers insight into the molecular mechanisms that direct reproductive timing.

The neuropeptide allatostatin C from clock-associated DN1p neurons generates the circadian rhythm for oogenesis