Local translation in nuclear condensate amyloid bodies

Significance The central dogma of eukaryotic biology is clear: DNA replication and RNA transcription occur in the nucleus while protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm. While this fundamental tenet of biology is entrenched in textbooks, it has undergone recurring challenges over the decades, most notably the existence of nuclear translation. We report that solid-like condensate amyloid bodies are hubs of stress-resistant local nuclear translation in cells engaging in hypoxic fermentation or responding to high temperature. Conceptually, this paper provides a physiological context for nuclear protein synthesis while highlighting a role for solid-like condensates in coordinating complex biochemical reactions.