Open AccessStomatal immunity against fungal invasion comprises not only chitin-induced stomatal closure but also chitosan-induced guard cell death
Author(s) -
Wenxiu Ye,
Shintaro Munemasa,
Tomonori Shinya,
Wei Wu,
Tao Ma,
Jiang Lu,
Toshinori Kinoshita,
Hanae Kaku,
Naoto Shibuya,
Yoshiyuki Murata
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.011
H-Index - 771
eISSN - 1091-6490
pISSN - 0027-8424
DOI - 10.1073/pnas.1922319117
Subject(s) - chitin , guard cell , chitosan , immunity , biology , cell wall , microbiology and biotechnology , botany , chemistry , immune system , biochemistry , immunology
Significance Fungal disease is a major threat to agriculture and consequently human nutrition. Many pathogenic fungi penetrate through stomata. This study reveals that chitin oligosaccharide (CTOS) from fungal cell wall induces stomatal closure through its receptor CERK1, Ca2+ , and S-type anion channel SLAC1, which would prevent fungal penetration. It is also shown that conversion of CTOS to chitosan oligosaccharide (CSOS) is a possible fungal strategy to circumvent stomatal immunity. At higher concentration, guard cells perceive CSOS, resulting in guard cell death, which potentially contributes to plant defense halting fungal infection through stomata. The finding of active guard cell death represents a conceptual advance in understanding of stomatal immunity and would guide future research on guard cell–microbe interaction and crop protection.