Open AccessGeneral Gauge Independence of Diamagnetism plus Paramagnetism
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
australian journal of physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1446-5582
pISSN - 0004-9506
DOI - 10.1071/phv53n4toc
Subject(s) - physics , diamagnetism , hamiltonian (control theory) , paramagnetism , lorenz gauge condition , mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field , gauge theory , quantum mechanics , magnetism , hamiltonian lattice gauge theory , gauge anomaly , mathematical physics , introduction to gauge theory , gauge fixing , gauge (firearms) , operator (biology) , theoretical physics , gauge boson , magnetic field , mathematics , mathematical optimization , biochemistry , chemistry , archaeology , repressor , transcription factor , gene , history
With the use of the generalised multipolar gauge, a completely general proofis obtained for a result asserted by J. H. Van Vleck in 1932 but never fullyproved by him. Specifically it is demonstrated that the matrix elements of themagnetic moment operator are independent of the origin of the vector potentialfor electromagnetic fields that are non-uniform in space and non-constant intime. A general survey of the principles of the quantum mechanics of solidstate and molecular magnetism is also given to set the problem in its context.Based on the multipolar gauge, a simple conversion of the interactionHamiltonian from the form of A.p toE.r plus higher order terms is demonstrated.