Analysis of a southerly buster event and associated solitary waves

This paper is a detailed case study of the southerly buster of 6–7 October 2015, along the New South Wales coast. It takes advantage of recently available Himawari-8 high temporal- and spatial-resolution satellite data, and other observational data. The data analyses support the widespread view that the southerly buster is a density current, coastally trapped by the Great Dividing Range. In addition, it appeared that solitary waves developed in this event because the prefrontal boundary layer was shallow and stable. A simplified density current model produced speeds matching well with observational southerly buster data, at both Nowra and Sydney airports. Extending the density current theory, to include inertia-gravity effects, suggested that the solitary waves travel at a speed of ~20% faster than the density current. This speed difference was consistent with the high-resolution satellite data, which shows the solitary waves moving increasingly ahead of the leading edge of the density current.