Open AccessSeasonal climate summary for the southern hemisphere (spring 2016): strong negative Indian Ocean Dipole ends, bringing second wettest September to Australia
Author(s) -
Blair Trewin,
Catherine Ganter
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of southern hemisphere earth systems science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.404
H-Index - 7
ISSN - 2206-5865
DOI - 10.1071/es19013
Subject(s) - indian ocean dipole , southern hemisphere , spring (device) , climatology , antarctic oscillation , oceanography , northern hemisphere , el niño southern oscillation , southern oscillation , indian ocean , environmental science , geography , geology , mechanical engineering , engineering
This summary looks at the southern hemisphere and equatorial climate patterns for spring 2016, with particular attention given to the Australasian and equatorial regions of the Pacific and Indian Ocean basins. Spring 2016 was marked by the later part of a strong negative phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole, alongside cool neutral El Niño–Southern Oscillation conditions. September was exceptionally wet over much of Australia, contributing to a wet spring with near-average temperatures. The spring was one of the warmest on record over the southern hemisphere as a whole, with Antarctic Sea ice extent dropping to record low levels for the season.