Open AccessAblation plus Transarterial Embolic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Larger than 3 cm: Science, Evidence, and Future Directions
Author(s) -
Armand F. Lewis,
Carlos A. Padula,
J. Mark McKinney,
Beau B. Toskich
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
seminars in interventional radiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.35
H-Index - 40
eISSN - 1098-8963
pISSN - 0739-9529
DOI - 10.1055/s-0039-1697641
Subject(s) - medicine , hepatocellular carcinoma , ablation , thermal ablation , ablation therapy , radiology , tumor ablation , ablative case , treatment modality , surgery , radiation therapy , cancer , prostate cancer
Thermal ablation is widely regarded as definitive therapy for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, but its efficacy decreases in tumors greater than 3 cm. Extensive clinical studies have supported improved outcomes provided through combining transarterial embolic therapy with ablation in the treatment of larger tumors. This article will provide a survey of the science and data for combination therapy in both thermal and nonthermal ablation modalities, as well as describe emerging applications.