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Growth control of human biliary epithelial cells by interleukin 6, hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor β1, and activin a: Comparison of a cholangiocarcinoma cell line with primary cultures of non‐neoplastic biliary epithelial cells
Author(s) -
Yokomuro Shigeki,
Tsuji Hirokazu,
Lunz John G.,
Sakamoto Toshiki,
Ezure Tsukasa,
Murase Noriko,
Demetris Anthony J.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.488
H-Index - 361
eISSN - 1527-3350
pISSN - 0270-9139
DOI - 10.1053/jhep.2000.8535
Subject(s) - hepatocyte growth factor , autocrine signalling , transforming growth factor , follistatin , biology , medicine , endocrinology , growth factor , paracrine signalling , cell culture , activin type 2 receptors , cell growth , transforming growth factor beta , cancer research , tgf beta signaling pathway , receptor , genetics
A well characterized human cholangiocarcinoma (CC) cell line, SG231, was compared with primary cultures of normal human biliary epithelial cells (BECs) for alterations in interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)‐mediated stimulation and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) and activin A–mediated inhibition of growth. Results were compared with immunolabeling of the original tumor and after injection of SG231 into the liver of BALB/cByJ‐scid mice. In vitro , both BECs and CCs expressed met, gp80, and gp130 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein, but the levels of expression were higher in the CCs than in the BECs. In both the CCs and BECs, exogenous HGF or IL‐6 induced phosphorylation of met or gp130, respectively, and a concentration‐dependent increase in DNA synthesis. However, the CCs but not BECs, continued to grow in basal serum‐free medium (SFM) and spontaneously produced both IL‐6 and HGF under these conditions, which resulted in auto‐phosphorylation of gp130 and met, respectively; and neutralizing anti‐HGF or anti–IL‐6 alone inhibited CC growth, indicative of autocrine growth control circuits. Conversely, activin A inhibits the growth of both BECs and CCs, but does not significantly increase apoptosis. Activin‐A–induced growth inhibition of both CCs and BECs can be reversed by 100 ng/mL exogenous IL‐6, but not by 10 to 100 ng/mL HGF. TGF‐β1 inhibited the growth of BECs but had no mitoinhibitory or proapoptotic effects on CCs. Immunolabeling of the original tumor and after inoculation into scid mice showed positive staining for met, gp130, gp80, and IL‐6. This study contributes to a further understanding of BEC growth control and derangements that can occur during cholangiocarcinogenesis.