Open AccessA comparative study on chitosan nanoparticle synthesis methodologies for application in aquaculture through toxicity studies
Author(s) -
Bhoopathy Subashni,
Inbakandan Dhinakaraswamy,
Thirugnanasambandam Rajendran,
Kumar Chandrasekaran,
Sampath Pavithra,
Bethunaickan Ramalingam,
Raguraman Vasantharaja,
Vijayakumar Ganesh Kumar
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
iet nanobiotechnology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.366
H-Index - 38
eISSN - 1751-875X
pISSN - 1751-8741
DOI - 10.1049/nbt2.12047
Subject(s) - aquaculture , toxicity , chitosan , litopenaeus , chemistry , nanoparticle , food science , environmental chemistry , shrimp , nanotechnology , fishery , fish <actinopterygii> , biology , materials science , biochemistry , organic chemistry
Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) have been recently used for various applications in aquaculture, especially as drug carriers. The aim of this study was to synthesise and investigate a superlative method of CSNP synthesis for application in aquaculture through aquaculture‐based toxicology screening methods. Two different methods were analysed: the first a direct ionic gelation method (A) and the other involving a low‐molecular‐weight chitosan microparticle intermediate method (B). Dynamic light scattering characterisation revealed that the CSNP particle sizes were 192.7 ± 11.8 and 22.9 nm from methods A and B, respectively. The LC 50 values for brine shrimp toxicity were found to be 1.51 and 0.02 ppt in 24 h for methods A and B, respectively. Acute toxicity studies in Litopenaeus vannamei rendered LC 50 values of 3235.94 and 2884.03 ppt in 24 h for methods A and B, respectively. Zebrafish toxicity studies revealed mortality rates of 21.67% and 55% at 20 mg/L concentration for methods A and B, respectively, with an increased expression of intracellular reactive oxygen species in method B. From these findings, it can be concluded that a comparatively reduced toxicity of CSNPs derived from ionic gelation method makes it more appropriate for application in aquaculture.