Open AccessUse of high temperature X‐ray diffraction and pair distribution function for the study of carbonation characteristics of Barium Titanate at nanoscale
Author(s) -
Islam Sahanoor,
Biswas Ripan Kumar,
Ghosh Jiten
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
micro and nano letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.25
H-Index - 31
ISSN - 1750-0443
DOI - 10.1049/mnl.2019.0266
Subject(s) - materials science , barium titanate , monoclinic crystal system , orthorhombic crystal system , tetragonal crystal system , dielectric , analytical chemistry (journal) , atmospheric temperature range , ball mill , phase (matter) , ceramic , mineralogy , crystallography , crystal structure , metallurgy , chemistry , thermodynamics , optoelectronics , chromatography , physics , organic chemistry
Barium titanate (BT) is extensively used in electronic industries for its high dielectric constant. However, the dielectric properties of BT significantly change due to carbonation at nanoscale. Commercially available tetragonal BT powder was milled to study the local atomic distribution and phase transformation behaviour with temperature. Nano BT powder was prepared by the high energy ball milling (90 h) from its bulk counterpart. It was carbonated when it was exposed to open atmosphere. The milled BT sample was characterised by high temperature X‐ray diffraction (HT‐XRD), pair distribution function (PDF) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Local atomic distribution was obtained from PDF analysis. The peak due to C–O and Ba–C pair distance were observed from PDF for 90 h milled carbonated BT. TEM analysis revealed that particle diameter was in the range of 15–50 nm. How the phase of nano BT ceramics transformed with temperature was strudied. It was observed that orthorhombic BT transformed into tetragonal and cubic phase via the monoclinic phase during heating at 900°C. Coexistence of multi phases of BT was also observed from HT‐XRD. BaCO 3 disappeared at high temperature.