Open AccessEffect of sonication time on the characteristics of nanophase hydroxyapatite crystals synthesised by the sol–gel technique
Author(s) -
Utara Songkot,
Klinkaewnarong Jutharatana
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
micro and nano letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.25
H-Index - 31
ISSN - 1750-0443
DOI - 10.1049/mnl.2014.0316
Subject(s) - sonication , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , materials science , calcination , nuclear chemistry , scanning electron microscope , transmission electron microscopy , particle size , chemical engineering , sol gel , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , nanotechnology , chromatography , composite material , organic chemistry , catalysis , engineering
An examination has been conducted of the effect of sonication time (25 kHz) at a constant temperature of 25°C on the structure of hydroxyapatite (HAp). Diammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate were used as starting materials. The gel formed by mixing the starting materials solution was subjected to sonication for 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 min. After sonication, HAp was dried at room temperature and calcined at 600°C for 2 h. The crystallisation, morphology and functional groups of the prepared nanoHAp were inspected by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The XRD results revealed crystalline sizes in the range 50–58 nm and 3–5 of the crystalline fraction. The TEM results proved that the particle size of nano‐HAp decreased with increasing sonication time. In addition, the FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that an increase of sonication time led to an increase in the concentration of carbonate groups