Open AccessA photopaper‐based low‐cost, wideband wearable antenna for wireless body area network applications
Author(s) -
Jabbar Abdul,
Zubair Muhammad,
Naveed Muhammad Ashar,
Mehmood Muhammad Qasim,
Massoud Yehia
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
iet microwaves, antennas and propagation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.555
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1751-8733
pISSN - 1751-8725
DOI - 10.1049/mia2.12313
Subject(s) - body area network , ground plane , wideband , microstrip antenna , electrical engineering , microstrip , electronic engineering , wireless , antenna (radio) , computer science , engineering , materials science , optoelectronics , telecommunications
This study presents a low‐cost, compact, flexible, and wideband wearable antenna for different wireless body area network (WBAN) band applications, covering medical body area network band of 2.4 GHz, industrial, scientific, and medical band of 2.45 GHz, WiMAX band of 3.5 GHz, and wireless local area network band of 5.2 GHz. The final antenna topology is obtained by hexagonal microstrip radiator patch fabricated on commercially available low‐cost photo paper substrate and defected ground plane below the feed line acting as a partial ground to achieve a conformable structure wideband operation. The overall size of the fabricated antenna is 30 × 40 mm 2 and yields a wide‐bandwidth of 3 GHz (2.30–5.30 GHz), radiation efficiency of 84.35%, and the highest gain of 3.48 dBi at the centre frequency of 5.2 GHz, and minimum gain of 1.91 dBi at 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, our detailed numerical and experimental investigations involving specific absorption rate performance assessment and bending analysis revealed the proposed design's excellent robustness to both human body loading and structural deformation scenarios. Therefore, simulated and measured results strongly advocate that the proposed design has profound implications for flexible and body‐worn devices in WBAN applications.