A comprehensive review of nanostructured materials by ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification technique

Nanostructured materials (NMs) possess outstanding properties than conventional coarse‐grained (CG) materials. Hence designing potentially cost‐efficient and environmentally products made of NMs with better are on high demand. This paper gives a comprehensive review of the most recent progress in production, characterisation and fundamental understanding of NMs produced by ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technique. In this review, we demonstrate a detailed description of the literature on the subject as well as highlight challenges for the production of NMs. Recently, this technique has also been applied to thermal spray ceramic coatings and the newly obtained experimental results are also discussed.