Open AccessTwo paradigms in cellular Internet‐of‐Things access for energy‐harvesting machine‐to‐machine devices: push‐based versus pull‐based
Author(s) -
Shih MeiJu,
Lin GuanYu,
Wei HungYu
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
iet wireless sensor systems
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.433
H-Index - 27
eISSN - 2043-6394
pISSN - 2043-6386
DOI - 10.1049/iet-wss.2015.0040
Subject(s) - machine to machine , computer science , network packet , energy harvesting , telecommunications link , efficient energy use , random access , computer network , throughput , handshake , wireless , scheduling (production processes) , real time computing , energy (signal processing) , embedded system , engineering , internet of things , telecommunications , electrical engineering , statistics , operations management , mathematics , asynchronous communication
Equipping communication apparatuses with energy‐harvesting technology could achieve system sustainability without human intervention. Though the harvested energy of existing techniques is limited and intermittent, it is sufficient to power devices in low‐power‐consuming machine‐to‐machine (M2M) communications. However, due to the large number of devices with time‐varying energy arrival, the medium access control protocol should be redesigned. This study focuses on studying energy‐harvesting M2M uplink cellular communications from the protocol design perspective, considering the properties of M2M and energy harvesting. The authors first explore the performance of two fundamental schemes: push‐based and pull‐based random access channel (RACH) procedures in terms of preamble collision probability, throughput, energy efficiency, and packet delay. In the push‐based scheme, devices are self‐energy‐aware and there is no schedule signalling cost. However, the performance degrades as the device number increases. The pull‐based scheme is an alternative to have stable throughput and energy efficiency, with sacrifice of the extra scheduling cost and increasing latency. As a result, a hybrid scheme is proposed to adaptively select the preamble transmission schemes based on the estimated device number. The hybrid scheme guarantees adequate packet delay under different traffic loads and varying energy levels.