Open AccessTechno‐economic evaluation of load frequency control systems for electric vehicle fleet integration
Author(s) -
Bokhari Hamza,
Westermann Dirk
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
iet renewable power generation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.005
H-Index - 76
ISSN - 1752-1424
DOI - 10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.0589
Subject(s) - renewable energy , automatic frequency control , electric power system , electricity , electric vehicle , control (management) , automotive engineering , electricity system , environmental economics , system integration , engineering , computer science , electricity generation , power (physics) , electrical engineering , economics , physics , quantum mechanics , artificial intelligence , operating system
Environmental concerns and policy directives coupled with renewable energy penetration targets in Europe and United States are leading to a greater need for identifying technical and economic characteristics that facilitate the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the electricity network. An important step in mitigating instability associated with unregulated EV charging and renewable power feed‐in is the integration of EVs as providers of load frequency control (LFC). This study presents an evaluation of six European and North American LFC systems on the basis of EV characteristics to identify suitability for EV integration. The evaluation shows that the Eastern Denmark network is most feasible for frequency containment and restoration reserve using EVs.