Open AccessInvestigation on photonic crystal based all‐optical clocked D‐flip flop
Author(s) -
Shaik Enaul haq,
Rangaswamy Nakkeeran
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
iet optoelectronics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.379
H-Index - 42
eISSN - 1751-8776
pISSN - 1751-8768
DOI - 10.1049/iet-opt.2016.0101
Subject(s) - flip flop , interference (communication) , photonic integrated circuit , photonic crystal , photonics , optics , waveguide , physics , contrast ratio , materials science , optoelectronics , computer science , telecommunications , cmos , channel (broadcasting)
In this study, the authors propose a photonic crystal‐based clocked D‐flip flop using multi‐mode interference (MMI). A central MMI waveguide is created for the interference of the input light and ports are placed at both input and output ends of it. The proposed structure is resulted with a contrast ratio (CR) of 9.63 and 5.84 dB at the outputs Q andQ ¯with a response time or delay of less than 0.29 ps. Furthermore, the input and output waveguides are extended with sharp and smooth bend waveguides, respectively, in order to increase the delay of the structure as the delayed output is one of the main objectives of D‐flip flop. The modified D‐flip flop structure is operated with a delay of more than twofold of the basic structure by maintaining nearly the same CR at the output. The compactness and the fair simulation results of the proposed structure show that it is quite suitable to be a part of photonic integrated circuit.