Open AccessDetermination of heavy metals in skin‐whitening cosmetics using microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
Author(s) -
Alqadami Ayoub Abdullah,
Naushad Mu,
Abulhassan Abdalla Mohammad,
Khan Mohammad Rizwan,
Alothman Zeid Abdullah,
Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad,
Ghfar Ayman Abdel
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
iet nanobiotechnology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 1751-875X
DOI - 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0212
Subject(s) - microwave digestion , inductively coupled plasma , chemistry , cadmium , arsenic , detection limit , metalloid , inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry , mercury (programming language) , nitric acid , certified reference materials , bismuth , inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy , hydrofluoric acid , analytical chemistry (journal) , mass spectrometry , chromatography , metal , inorganic chemistry , plasma , physics , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics , computer science , programming language
In this study, the determination of noxious heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), bismuth (Bi), mercury (Hg), titanium (Ti), lead (Pb) and metalloid arsenic (As) in skin‐whitening cosmetics were examined using microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry method. A complete digestion of cosmetics samples was achieved using a mixture of hydrofluoric acid/hydrogen peroxide/nitric acid. The quantification of the target compounds was done by standard addition method. The excellent quality parameters for instance, detection limits, As (4.6 ppb), Bi (7.9 ppb), Cd (0.45 ppb), Hg (3.3 ppb), Pb (3.8 ppb), Ti (4.3 ppb), linearity ( r 2 > 0.999) and run‐to‐run and day‐to‐day precisions with relative standard deviations <3% were obtained. The recovery rates for standard reference materials were found between 90 and 105%. The average concentration of heavy metals in cosmetics samples were in the range of 1.0–12.3 (μg g −1 , As), 33–7097 (μg g −1 , Bi), 0.20–0.6 (μg g −1 , Cd), 0.70–2700 (μg g −1 , Hg), 1.20–143 (μg g −1 , Pb) and 2.0–1650 (μg g −1 , Ti).