Preparation and in vitro investigation of antigastric cancer activities of carvacrol‐loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles

In this study, carvacrol‐loaded human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles were developed and characterised. Nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation and emulsion/desolvation methods. Encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and loading capacity (LC%) of nanoparticles prepared by desolvation method were 48.4 and 45.1%, respectively. Carvacrol‐loaded nanoparticles had 132 ± 42 nm in diameter with monomodal distribution. Carvacrol‐loaded nanoparticles which is prepared by emulsion/desolvation method had EE% and LC% of 32 and 32.3%, respectively, and 230 ± 38 nm in size. The release of carvacrol from nanoparticles was monitored in phosphate‐buffered saline (pH = 7.4), 100 rpm at 37°C for 10 days. About 21.4% of carvacrol was released after 3 h from nanoparticles that were prepared by desolvation method. In emulsion/desolvation method, 26.8% of total carvacrol was released during 3 h of incubation. Cytotoxicity effect of loaded carvacrol was assessed by 3‐[4, 5 dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test on gastric cancer cells line (AGS). Cell line was exposed to the free carvacrol, unloaded and carvacrol‐loaded nanoparticles for 48 h. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) for free carvacrol, unloaded and carvacrol‐loaded HSA nanoparticles were 30, 1070 and 120 µg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study showed applications of HSA nanoparticles for entrapment of carvacrol and antigastric cancer activity. Moreover, loading of carvacrol in combination with chemotherapy agents into the HSA nanoparticles may treat cancer cells better than single drug loaded nanoparticles.