Open AccessHybrid FDTD–PE method for Loran‐C ASF prediction with near‐source complex topography
Author(s) -
Wang DanDan,
Pu YuRong,
Xi XiaoLi,
Zhou LiLi
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
iet microwaves, antennas and propagation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.555
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1751-8733
pISSN - 1751-8725
DOI - 10.1049/iet-map.2019.0179
Subject(s) - finite difference time domain method , terrain , finite difference method , range (aeronautics) , computer science , hybrid algorithm (constraint satisfaction) , algorithm , geology , mathematics , engineering , optics , mathematical analysis , physics , geography , artificial intelligence , aerospace engineering , constraint logic programming , cartography , constraint satisfaction , probabilistic logic
The parabolic equation (PE) method and finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method are combined to predict long‐range Loran‐C additional secondary factors (ASFs) in situations with near‐source complex topography. The non‐uniform FDTD method is employed in the complex source region, while the PE method is used for propagation over smooth terrain to a long distance. By using the advantages of each algorithm, the hybrid FDTD–PE approach is capable of modelling the near‐source topographic details, while saving much computational resources as compared to a full FDTD solution. Numerical results along several paths are used to validate the hybrid algorithm. Furthermore, the hybrid method is applied to analyse the effect of near‐source topographic complexities, including non‐flat land, land–sea transition, and island (cliff)–sea transition, on the navigational coverage for the planning of the Loran‐C systems.