BWDO algorithm and its application in antenna array and pixelated metasurface synthesis

This article introduces a novel, binary version of wind driven optimisation (WDO) called binaryWDO (BWDO), which can be specifically used for solving binary valued problemssuch as antenna array and metasurface synthesis. Validation of proposedalgorithm is done with standard benchmark functions. To demonstrate theefficiency of BWDO, examples of thinned antenna array and metasurface synthesisare considered. Thinned antenna array problem is solved by formulating singleand multi‐objective optimisation problems which achieve minimum SLL of −22.30 dBand −20.28 dB respectively, as compared to −13.2 dB by periodic array. Further,the proposed BWDO algorithm is interface with Ansys‐HFSS and three designexamples of metasurfaces such as MPA and AMC are further considered to exemplifythe proficiency of BWDO. Simulation of optimised MPA exhibits five discretebands of high absorptions at 8.7, 9.7, 14.6, 15.3 and 16.5 GHz with simulationreflection co‐efficient value of −11.46, −10.00, −12.17, −16.19 and −20.58 dBwhich is less than −10 dB reflection under normal incidence of wave. Synthesisedsingle and dual band AMC has in‐phase reflection bandwidth of 0.58 and 0.34,0.16 GHz at central frequency of 5.21 and 5.07, 6.49 GHz respectively. Themeasured results almost matched with the respective simulated results withslight variation due to fabrication tolerance.