Open AccessOptimised blind image watermarking method based on firefly algorithm in DWT‐QR transform domain
Author(s) -
Guo Yong,
Li BingZhao,
Goel Navdeep
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
iet image processing
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.401
H-Index - 45
eISSN - 1751-9667
pISSN - 1751-9659
DOI - 10.1049/iet-ipr.2016.0515
Subject(s) - digital watermarking , firefly algorithm , image (mathematics) , computer science , algorithm , firefly protocol , computer vision , domain (mathematical analysis) , discrete wavelet transform , artificial intelligence , mathematics , wavelet transform , wavelet , zoology , particle swarm optimization , biology , mathematical analysis
Firefly algorithm (FA) is one of the newly developed nature inspired optimisation algorithm, inspired by the flashing behaviour of fireflies that a firefly tends to be attracted towards other fireflies with higher brightness. Thus FA has two advantages: local attractions and automatic regrouping. Based on these good properties, a novel image watermarking method based on FA in discrete wavelet transform (DWT)‐QR transform domain is proposed in this study. Structural similarity index measure and bit error rate are used in the objective function to trade‐off invisibility and robustness. The experiment results show that the proposed image watermarking method not only meet the need of invisibility, but also has better or comparable robustness as compared with some related methods.