Open AccessOptimal scheduling of PHEVs and D‐BESSs in the presence of DGs in a distribution system
Author(s) -
Singh Amit,
Jha Bablesh Kumar,
Singh Devender,
Misra Rakesh K.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
iet generation, transmission and distribution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.92
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1751-8695
pISSN - 1751-8687
DOI - 10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.0428
Subject(s) - grid , flattening , scheduling (production processes) , computer science , mathematical optimization , automotive engineering , engineering , mathematics , mechanical engineering , geometry
Optimisation of cost and load flattening for a distribution network is attempted in this work. The objective function is described in terms of energy cost, C O 2 emissions, real power losses, and load flattening. The solution is envisaged in terms of hourly scheduling of distributed generations (DGs), distributed battery energy storage systems (D‐BESSs), and plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). An investigation in the reformulation of the cost of energy is carried out to eliminate the solutions involving excessive charging and discharging of BESSs/D‐BESSs and PHEVs. It is demonstrated that simultaneous optimisation of cost, C O 2 emissions, real power losses, and load flattening cannot be effectively solved as a weighted sum objective function. An ε ‐constraint method is applied to obtain the optimal scheduling to achieve cost optimisation, load flattening, and minimisation of C O 2 emissions from the utility point of view. A case of decentralised multi‐agent optimisation problem is also formulated and compared. It is observed that the combination of the scheduling of DGs, BESSs/D‐BESSs, grid‐to‐vehicle/vehicle‐to‐grid can successfully be used to significantly reduce the system peak demand along with system cost, losses and C O 2 emissions.