Open AccessPerformance and consumer satisfaction‐based bi‐level tariff scheme for EV charging as a VPP
Author(s) -
Argade Sachin G.,
Aravinthan Visvakumar,
Esra Büyüktahtakın Ismet,
Joseph Siny
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
iet generation, transmission and distribution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.92
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1751-8695
pISSN - 1751-8687
DOI - 10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.5754
Subject(s) - schedule , tariff , electric vehicle , scheduling (production processes) , work (physics) , economic surplus , computer science , limiting , environmental economics , business , reliability engineering , power (physics) , welfare , engineering , operations management , economics , international trade , mechanical engineering , market economy , physics , quantum mechanics , operating system
Appropriate control of the electric vehicle (EV) charging and corresponding prices can act as a virtual power plant (VPP) and support distribution system operators (DSOs). When multiple EVs are directly managed or controlled by price, as a cluster they will act as a VPP. This work proposes a price‐based VPP with a two‐class EV‐charging tariff while managing the charging impact on the distribution network. Similar to a generating unit, EVs that participate through a day‐ahead schedule will be charged differently than EVs that do not participate in day‐ahead scheduling. The objective of this work is to maximise benefits to both the DSO and the consumer. To achieve mutual benefits, in addition to power system constraints, this work incorporates the impact of consumer dissatisfaction due to delayed charging. This is achieved by modelling dissatisfaction as a function of anxiety. This work proposes an unplanned charging unit cost to ensure that both consumer welfare and DSO welfare are jointly accomplished. Finally, sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the impact of limiting consumer dissatisfaction on the EV‐charging load and price for charging.