Open AccessCentralised busbar differential and wavelet‐based line protection system for multi‐terminal direct current grids, with practical IEC‐61869‐compliant measurements
Author(s) -
Tzelepis Dimitrios,
Dyśko Adam,
Blair Steven M.,
Rousis Anastasios Oulis,
Mirsaeidi Sohrab,
Booth Campbell,
Dong Xinzhou
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
iet generation, transmission and distribution
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.92
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1751-8695
pISSN - 1751-8687
DOI - 10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.1491
Subject(s) - busbar , converters , electronic engineering , transient (computer programming) , engineering , modular design , circuit breaker , direct current , transmission line , voltage , electrical engineering , computer science , operating system
This study presents a method for discriminative detection of direct current (DC) faults on voltage source converter‐powered multi‐terminal high‐voltage direct current transmission systems using two fundamental guiding principles, namely instantaneous current‐differential and travelling waves. The proposed algorithm utilises local voltage and current measurements from all transmission lines connected to a DC busbar, and current measurement from the DC side of the converter. The scheme operates at a sampling frequency of 96 kHz, which conforms with IEC 61869‐9. No long distance communication is involved while measurements and signal exchange within DC substations are enabled by the utilisation of IEC 61850. Performance is assessed firstly through detailed transient simulation, using verified models of modular multi‐level converters, hybrid DC circuit breakers and inductive DC‐line terminations. Furthermore, practical performance and feasibility of the scheme are evaluated through laboratory testing, using the real‐time Opal‐RT hardware prototyping platform. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed protection algorithm can effectively, and within a very short period of time (i.e. <1 ms), discriminate between busbar and line faults (internal faults), while remaining stable during external faults. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that IEC 61869‐9 is suitable for enabling fast DC protection schemes incorporating travelling waves.