Open AccessIntegrated fault detection algorithm for transmission, distribution, and microgrid networks
Author(s) -
Ebrahim Mohamed A.,
Wadie Fady,
AbdAllah Mousa A.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
iet energy systems integration
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2516-8401
DOI - 10.1049/iet-esi.2019.0002
Subject(s) - microgrid , phasor , fault (geology) , reliability (semiconductor) , transmission (telecommunications) , matlab , islanding , transmission line , electric power system , algorithm , symmetrical components , computer science , electric power transmission , reliability engineering , power (physics) , engineering , distributed generation , voltage , electrical engineering , quantum mechanics , physics , seismology , geology , renewable energy , transformer , operating system
As a part of the vision of the future's smart grids, this article intends to provide an integrated protective algorithm that employs a specially driven index for the detection of faults in different layers of the grid (transmission, distribution, and/or microgrids). The proposed algorithm evaluates the difference between the positive sequence powers measured by phasor measurement units (PMUs) located at the terminals of the line/feeder/zone required to be protected. An index named as a periodic change of positive sequence power index (PC‐PSPI) is evaluated as the periodic change of the previous power difference per one cycle. The PC‐PSPI is always zero during no‐fault conditions as the power difference per one cycle is relatively constant during normal daily operations. However, the previous condition is disrupted during the presence of faults leading to fault detection. To ensure the proper functionality of PC‐PSPI for different layers of the grid, various testing systems were used including the WSCC 9‐bus transmission system, IEEE 34‐bus distribution system, and a modified microgrid version of the IEEE 34‐bus equipped with distributed generation (DG) units. All systems were simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software packages. The proposed algorithm proved its reliability in operation even for severe fault and islanding cases.