On the perspective of grid architecture model with high TSO‐DSO interaction

The conventional structure of operating transmission and distribution systems is currently experiencing new challenges in maintaining the system operability with the significant changes such renewable energy sources inclusion, technology development, infrastructure revolution, and services provision. A futuristic operation management paradigm at the high level of interaction between Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs) is presented that supports the usage of flexibility services to simplify the congestion management, and ancillary services procurement by involving the DSO actively in the DSO‐TSO boundaries and the downstream network. The architecture considers new actors such as Distributed Services Aggregator, Prosumers, and Services Market Operators. A comparison between the typical grid structure (including the short‐term smart grid requirements) and the proposed one is presented considering different actors and interactions involved in the operation management of the grid. The opportunities and challenges of the proposed architecture are discussed.