Bi‐iterative method for moving source localisation using TDOA and FDOA measurements

An efficient bi‐iterative source location and velocity estimation method with time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements is developed. The bi‐iterative method calculates the source location and velocity alternately, which significantly reduces the computational cost. Most importantly, the estimation accuracy of the bi‐iterative method is closer to the Cramer‐Rao lower bound than that of other localisation methods. Simulation studies show the superior performance of the proposed method over existing localisation methods.