Premium
Integrating pesticide effects with inundative biological control: interpretation of pesticide toxicity curves for Anaphes iole in strawberries
Author(s) -
Udayagiri Sujaya,
Norton Andrew P.,
Welter Stephen C.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
entomologia experimentalis et applicata
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.765
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1570-7458
pISSN - 0013-8703
DOI - 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2000.00645.x
Subject(s) - biology , methomyl , bifenthrin , toxicology , abamectin , acaricide , pesticide , captan , miridae , fungicide , carbaryl , horticulture , botany , agronomy , hemiptera
We examined pesticide residue effects on the egg parasitoid Anaphes iole Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an inundative biological control agent for Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae) in strawberries ( Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne). Our objectives were to identify compatible pesticides, determine appropriate parasitoid release timings for minimizing harmful effects, and develop an approach for interpreting pesticide toxicity curves. Six insecticides, 2 acaricides and 6 fungicides were tested, and survivorship of adult A. iole exposed to foliar residues for 48 h, at 4–6 different times after pesticide application, was examined. A logistic function was developed for incorporating control mortality at each test date. Values for LT 50 (Lethal Time for 50% mortality) and mortalities on day 1 (initial mortality) and day 13 (estimated maximum time parasitoid releases can be delayed under extreme summer conditions) were estimated. In the study, insecticide residues proved to be the most toxic, followed by those from acaricides while most fungicides were least toxic. Among insecticides, fenpropathrin, bifenthrin and carbaryl caused the greatest mortality (estimated mortality on day 13 > 75% ). Residues of naled resulted in the least mortality ( LT 50 LT 50 =3.2 days ) followed by methomyl ( LT 50 =8.3 days ) and malathion ( LT 50 =13.2 days ). Estimated mortality = 12.3% on day 13 for the acaricide propargite and < 1% for abamectin. For the fungicides benomyl, captan, myclobutanil and thiram, estimated mortality on day 1 was < 1%, and for iprodione it was < 6%, indicating compatibility with A. iole releases. For sulfur, LT 50 =0 , but the mortality decay curve was relatively flat (estimated mortality on day 13=13.6% ). These results suggest possibilities for integrating A. iole releases with certain pesticide programs by appropriate timing of pesticide applications to minimize negative impacts.