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The importance of antibodies against low‐incidence RBC antigens in complete and abbreviated cross‐matching
Author(s) -
Schonewille Henk,
Zijl Annette M. van,
Wijermans Pierre W.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
transfusion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.045
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1537-2995
pISSN - 0041-1132
DOI - 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.t01-1-00435.x
Subject(s) - antibody , incidence (geometry) , medicine , antigen , autoantibody , prospective cohort study , immunology , blood transfusion , isoantibodies , coombs test , gastroenterology , physics , optics
BACKGROUND: It is common practice to perform an antiglobulin cross‐match only when unexpected RBC alloantibodies are present, to detect antibodies against additional RBC antigens. In this study, the incidence of unexpected antibodies to low‐incidence antigens (Ab‐LIA) over a period of 23 years was investigated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Records of RBC antibodies and the accompanying transfusion history from 1978 through 2000 was retrospectively examined. Complete cross‐matches were performed for all RBC transfusions before 1991. As of 1991, the type‐and‐screen policy was applied. To study the incidence of anti‐Wr a , a prospective study was conducted on sera from 462 patients sent to the transfusion laboratory and 486 blood donors. RESULTS: The records of 1795 patients containing 2257 RBC antibodies were examined. In 89 patients, a total of 94 Ab‐LIAs was found. Anti‐Wr a was the most frequently encountered Ab‐LIA. Thirty‐nine patients had Ab‐LIA in combination with other antibodies, 20 of which were autoantibodies. Eighty percent of these Ab‐LIA were found at the first positive antibody screening test. Fifty‐one solitary Ab‐LIA were found in 50 patients, 37 during antibody screening tests, and 14 after positive complete cross‐matches conducted before 1991. After an RBC antibody was detected, 664 patients received a total of 7792 RBC transfusions. Since the introduction of the type‐and‐screen policy, only one anti‐Wr a has been discovered during complete cross‐matching. No transfusion reactions due to Ab‐LIA were reported during the study period. In the prospective study, 12.3 percent of patients and 4.3 percent of blood donors had anti‐Wr a . CONCLUSIONS: Although Ab‐LIAs are found coincidentally in the sera of only 2 to 3 percent of patients with other RBC antibodies, they are formed often. Because we found no difference in serologic incompatibility, due to Ab‐LIAs, between patients with and without other blood group antibodies, we conclude that blood can be transfused safely to patients without performing a complete cross‐match.