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Cytokines and Endotoxin Removal by Sorbents and Its Application in Push–Pull Sorbent‐Based Pheresis: The Biologic‐DTPF System
Author(s) -
Steczko Janusz,
Ash Stephen R.,
Blake Donald E.,
Carr David J.,
Bosley Rebecca H.
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
artificial organs
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.684
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1525-1594
pISSN - 0160-564X
DOI - 10.1046/j.1525-1594.1999.06232.x
Subject(s) - sorbent , chemistry , chromatography , bovine serum albumin , activated charcoal , charcoal , adsorption , organic chemistry
The BioLogic‐DTPF System (DTPF) combines the Biologic‐DT hemodiabsorption system (DT) in series with the Biologic PF push–pull pheresis system (PF) in which PF membranes separate plasma for direct contact between plasma proteins and the sorbents. Preliminary studies conducted in bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and in bovine plasma allowed charcoal and silica to be evaluated as adsorbents for the PF module. Equilibrium binding experiments in BSA showed a high capacity of cytokine (IL‐1β, TNFα) binding by powdered charcoal, 70–90 ng/g. Kinetic binding studies in bovine plasma revealed relatively quick adsorption of IL‐1β and IL‐6 by charcoal with the capacity range of 1.2–2.0 ng/g for tested cytokines (IL‐1β and TNFα). Further laboratory studies with plasma have shown that powdered silica has an even greater binding capacity, up to 13 ng/g for TNFα depending upon particle size, and more rapid binding for all tested cytokines than powdered charcoal. Cholestyramine is a more efficient sorbent for removal of endotoxin than either charcoal or silica. In vitro tests using whole blood have demonstrated that the DTPF, with powdered charcoal as the sorbent, clears cytokines (TNFα, IL‐1β, and IL‐6) at 12.6–23.4 ml/min, bilirubin at 17.8–34.7 ml/min, and creatinine at 53.6–82.6 ml/min. The removal of some cytokines during the first clinical trial is also discussed.