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Interleukin‐1α gene expression during wound healing
Author(s) -
Robertson Fredika M.,
Pellegrini Arthur E.,
Ross Mary S.,
Oberyszyn Andrew S.,
Boros Laszlo G.,
Bijur Gautam N.,
Sabourin Carol L. K.,
Oberyszyn Tatiana M.
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
wound repair and regeneration
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.847
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1524-475X
pISSN - 1067-1927
DOI - 10.1046/j.1524-475x.1995.30412.x
Subject(s) - wound healing , cytokine , interleukin , interleukin 20 , dermis , hairless , interleukin 8 , interleukin 19 , biology , keratinocyte , downregulation and upregulation , gene expression , immunology , interleukin 4 , epidermis (zoology) , microbiology and biotechnology , interleukin 5 , gene , cell culture , anatomy , genetics , biochemistry
Interleukin‐1α is known to be constitutively produced by epidermal keratinocytes under normal conditions, and injection of this cytokine enhances wound reepithelialization. However, no studies have characterized the temporal sequence of interleukin‐1α gene expression over the time course of wound healing, and the cellular sources of this cytokine have not been identified. In the present studies, levels of interleukin‐1α messenger RNA in wound tissue isolated from SKH‐1 hairless mice were characterized and the cells that produced interleukin‐1α immunoreactive protein over a 10‐day time course of wound healing were defined. A time‐dependent upregulation in interleukin‐1α gene expression occurred immediately (4 hours) after a full‐thickness wound was made, which represented a four‐fold increase over levels of cytokine gene expression detected in nonwounded skin. Upregulation of cytokine gene expression correlated with an immediate increase in plasma interleukin‐1α levels and was followed by an increase in interleukin‐1α immunoreactive protein localized to keratinocytes within the leading edge of the wound and epidermis, as well as to neutrophils within the dermis. The rapid increase in local and systemic interleukin‐1α levels correlated with the infiltration of a significant number of neutrophils into the wound site and with the proliferation of both basal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Given the known ability of interleukin‐1α to regulate proliferation and migration of epidermal keratinocytes and to indirectly induce leukocyte chemotaxis, the results of the present studies suggest that interleukin‐1α may be an important cytokine with both local and systemic actions that are linked to the initiation of critical cellular events early in wound healing.