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Prevalence of refractive errors in teenage high school students in Singapore
Author(s) -
Quek Timothy P. L.,
Chua Choon Guan,
Chong Choon Seng,
Chong Jin Ho,
Hey Hwee Weng,
Lee June,
Lim Yee Fei,
Saw SeangMei
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
ophthalmic and physiological optics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.147
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1475-1313
pISSN - 0275-5408
DOI - 10.1046/j.1475-1313.2003.00166.x
Subject(s) - anisometropia , refractive error , astigmatism , optometry , reading (process) , odds , odds ratio , medicine , ophthalmology , demography , psychology , logistic regression , eye disease , physics , optics , pathology , sociology , political science , law
We aimed to study the prevalence of refractive conditions in Singapore teenagers. Grade 9 and 10 students ( n = 946) aged 15–19 years from two secondary schools in Singapore were recruited. The refractive errors of the students’ eyes were measured using non‐cycloplegic autorefraction. Sociodemographic data and information on risk factors for myopia (such as reading and writing) were also obtained using an interviewer‐administered questionnaire. The prevalence of refractive conditions was found to be: myopia [spherical equivalent (SE) at least −0.50 D] – 73.9%, hyperopia (SE at least +0.50 D) – 1.5%, astigmatism (cylinder at least −0.50 D) – 58.7% and anisometropia (SE difference at least 1.00 D) – 11.2%. After adjusting for age and gender, currently doing more than 20.5 h of reading and writing a week was found to be positively associated with myopia [odds ratio 1.12 (95% CI 1.04–1.20, p = 0.003)], as was reading and writing at a close distance and a better educational stream. The prevalence of myopia (73.9%) in Singapore teenagers is high. Current reading and writing habits, reading at close distances and a better educational stream are possible risk factors for myopia.