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Morphine withdrawal‐induced c‐ fos expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is dependent on the activation of catecholaminergic neurones
Author(s) -
Laorden M. Luisa,
Núñez Cristina,
Almela Pilar,
Milanés M. Victoria
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
journal of neurochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.75
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1471-4159
pISSN - 0022-3042
DOI - 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01123.x
Subject(s) - endocrinology , medicine , hypothalamus , (+) naloxone , morphine , yohimbine , prazosin , tyrosine hydroxylase , catecholaminergic , stimulation , corticosterone , chemistry , antagonist , dopamine , receptor , hormone
We previously demonstrated that morphine withdrawal induced hyperactivity of noradrenergic pathways innervating the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in rats, in parallel with an increase in the neurosecretory activity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis, as evaluated by corticosterone release. These neuroendocrine effects were dependent on stimulation of α‐adrenoceptors. In the present study, Fos immunostaining was used as a reflection of neuronal activity and combined with immunostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) for immunohistochemical identification of active neurones during morphine withdrawal. Dependence on morphine was induced by 7‐day chronic subcutaneous implantation of six morphine pellets (75 mg). Morphine withdrawal was precipitated by administration of naloxone (5 mg/kgsubcutaneously) on day 8. Fos immunoreactivity in the PVN and also in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)‐A 2 and ventrolateral medulla (VLM)‐A 1 cell groups, which project to the PVN, increased during morphine withdrawal. Following withdrawal, Fos immunoreactivity was present in most of the TH‐positive neurones of the A 2 and A 1 neurones. In a second study, the effects of administration of adrenoceptor antagonists on withdrawal‐induced Fos expression in the PVN were studied. Pre‐treatment with α 1 ‐ or α 2 ‐adrenoceptor antagonists, prazosin (1 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and yohimbine (1 mg/kg intraperitoneally), respectively, 20 min before naloxone administration to morphine‐dependent rats markedly reduced Fos expression in the PVN. Similarly, pre‐treatment with the β antagonist, propranolol (3 mg/kg intraperitoneally), significantly prevented withdrawal‐induced Fos expression. Collectively, these results suggest the hypothesis that noradrenergic neurones in the brainstem innervating the PVN are active during morphine withdrawal, and that activation of transcriptional responses mediated by Fos in the HPA axis following withdrawal are dependent upon hypothalamic α‐ and β‐adrenoceptors.