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Regulation of Neurotransmitter Release by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
Author(s) -
Cartmell Jayne,
Schoepp Darryle D.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
journal of neurochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.75
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1471-4159
pISSN - 0022-3042
DOI - 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0750889.x
Subject(s) - metabotropic receptor , metabotropic glutamate receptor , metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 , neuroscience , neurotransmission , long term depression , metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 , neurochemical , glutamate receptor , biology , silent synapse , metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 , metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 , neurotransmitter receptor , inhibitory postsynaptic potential , neurotransmitter , class c gpcr , glutamatergic , receptor , biochemistry , central nervous system , ampa receptor
The G protein‐coupled metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are differentially localized at various synapses throughout the brain. Depending on the receptor subtype, they appear to be localized at presynaptic and/or postsynaptic sites, including glial as well as neuronal elements. The heterogeneous distribution of these receptors on glutamate and nonglutamate neurons/cells thus allows modulation of synaptic transmission by a number of different mechanisms. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that the activation of mGlu receptors can modulate the activity of Ca 2+ or K + channels, or interfere with release processes downstream of Ca 2+ entry, and consequently regulate neuronal synaptic activity. Such changes evoked by mGlu receptors can ultimately regulate transmitter release at both glutamatergic and nonglutamatergic synapses. Increasing neurochemical evidence has emerged, obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies, showing modulation of the release of a variety of transmitters by mGlu receptors. This review addresses the neurochemical evidence for mGlu receptor‐mediated regulation of neurotransmitters, such as excitatory and inhibitory amino acids, monoamines, and neuropeptides.