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Interleukin‐10 Inhibits Both Production of Cytokines and Expression of Cytokine Receptors in Microglia
Author(s) -
Sawada Makoto,
Suzumura Akio,
Hosoya Hiromi,
Marunouchi Tohru,
Nagatsu Toshiharu
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
journal of neurochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.75
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1471-4159
pISSN - 0022-3042
DOI - 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.721466.x
Subject(s) - microglia , cytokine , biology , receptor , microbiology and biotechnology , tumor necrosis factor alpha , interleukin 10 , receptor expression , lipopolysaccharide , immunology , inflammation , biochemistry
Abstract: Microglia, macrophage‐like cells in the CNS, are multifunctional cells; they play an important role in removal of dead cells or their remnants by phagocytosis in the CNS degeneration and are one of important cells in the CNS cytokine network to produce and respond to a variety of cytokines. The functions of microglia are regulated by inhibitory cytokines. We have reported the expression of interleukin (IL)‐10, one of the inhibitory cytokines, and its receptor in mouse microglia; therefore, IL‐10 may affect microglial functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL‐10 on purified microglia in culture. IL‐10 inhibited lipopolysaccharide‐induced IL‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α production, lysosomal enzyme activity, and superoxide anion production in a dose‐dependent manner, but did not affect granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐dependent proliferation of microglia. IL‐10 also decreased the expression of both IL‐6 receptor and lipopolysaccharide‐induced IL‐2 receptor but not IL‐4 receptor on microglia as measured by flow cytometric analysis with an indirect immunofluorescence technique. IL‐10 also decreased mRNA expression of IL‐2 and IL‐6 cytokine receptors. These results suggest that IL‐10 is a unique and potent inhibitory factor in the CNS cytokine network involved in decreasing the expression of cytokine receptors as well as cytokine production by microglia.