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Responses of trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides ) phytochemistry and aspen blotch leafminer ( Phyllonorycter tremuloidiella ) performance to elevated levels of atmospheric CO 2 and O 3
Author(s) -
Kopper Brian J.,
Lindroth Richard L.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
agricultural and forest entomology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.755
H-Index - 55
eISSN - 1461-9563
pISSN - 1461-9555
DOI - 10.1046/j.1461-9563.2003.00158.x
Subject(s) - fumigation , ozone , biology , nitrogen , carbon dioxide , horticulture , salicaceae , botany , larva , woody plant , ecology , chemistry , organic chemistry
1 This research was conducted at the Aspen FACE (Free Air CO 2 Enrichment) site located in northern Wisconsin, U.S.A. where trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michaux) trees were exposed to one of four atmospheric treatments: elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ; 560 µL/L), elevated ozone (O 3 ; ambient × 1.5), elevated CO 2 and O 3 , or ambient air. We evaluated the effects of these fumigants on aspen foliar quality and the performance of aspen blotch leafminer ( Phyllonorycter tremuloidiella Braun). 2 CO 2 and O 3 each affected foliar quality, with the major changes consisting of an 11% reduction in nitrogen under elevated CO 2 and a 20% reduction in tremulacin under elevated O 3 . In the CO 2 + O 3 treatment, nitrogen levels were reduced by 15% and CO 2 ameliorated the O 3 ‐mediated reduction in tremulacin levels. 3 Phyllonorycter tremuloidiella were allowed to colonize trees naturally. Elevated CO 2 and O 3 reduced colonization rates by 42 and 49% relative to ambient CO 2 and O 3 , respectively. The only effect of fumigation treatments on larval performance occurred under elevated O 3 , where male development time and larval consumption increased by 8 and 28%, respectively, over insects reared under ambient O 3 . 4 These data demonstrate that the individual and combined effects of CO 2 and O 3 can alter aspen foliar chemistry and that these alterations in foliar chemistry produce little to no change in larval performance. However, both CO 2 and O 3 greatly reduced oviposition. In order to ascertain the full effects of CO 2 and O 3 on insect performance, future studies should address both population‐ and individual‐level characteristics.