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Caudal bupivacaine and s(+)‐ketamine for postoperative analgesia in children
Author(s) -
Weber Frank,
Wulf Hinnerk
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
pediatric anesthesia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.704
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1460-9592
pISSN - 1155-5645
DOI - 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.01018.x
Subject(s) - medicine , bupivacaine , ketamine , anesthesia , analgesic , surgery
Summary Background : The aim of this study was to evaluate whether caudal s‐ketamine would prolong analgesia together with caudal bupivacaine. Methods : Thirty children, ASA I–II, 1 month−9 years, scheduled for minor inguinal or penile surgery, were randomly assigned in a prospective, double‐blind fashion to receive single shot caudal blockade by either bupivacaine 0.125% 1 ml·kg −1 (group B, n = 15) or a mixture of bupivacaine 0.125% 1 ml·kg −1 and preservative‐free s‐ketamine 0.5 mg·kg −1 (group K, n = 15). Postoperative pain was assessed by means of an observational 10‐point scoring system and analgesia was administered if the pain score exceeded a value of 3. Results : Within 24 h after caudal block 10 patients (67%) in group K and three patients in group B (20%) did not require additional analgesic medication ( P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between the groups for incidence of haemodynamic changes. We did not observe any negative side‐effects attributable to the caudal block or s‐ketamine. Conclusions : Addition of preservative‐free s‐ketamine 0.5 mg·kg −1 to caudal bupivacaine 0.125% 1 ml·kg −1 provides significant prolongation of analgesia without producing negative side‐effects.