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Anaesthesia with midazolam and S‐(+)‐ketamine in spontaneously breathing paediatric patients during magnetic resonance imaging
Author(s) -
Haeseler G.,
Zuzan O.,
Köhn G.,
Piepenbrock S.,
Leuwer M.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
pediatric anesthesia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.704
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1460-9592
pISSN - 1155-5645
DOI - 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2000.00569.x
Subject(s) - ketamine , medicine , midazolam , sedation , anesthesia , magnetic resonance imaging , general anaesthesia , bolus (digestion) , surgery , radiology
We evaluated safety and efficacy of a sedation technique based on rectal and intravenous S‐(+)‐ketamine and midazolam to achieve immobilization during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Thirty‐four paediatric patients were randomly assigned to undergo either the sedation protocol (study group) or general anaesthesia (control group). Imaging was successfully completed in all children. Children in the study group received a rectal bolus (0.5 mg·kg −1 midazolam and 5 mg·kg –1 S‐(+)‐ketamine) and required additional i.v. supplementation (20 ± 10 μg·kg –1 ·min –1 S‐(+)‐ketamine and 4 ± 2 μg· kg −1 · min −1 midazolam), spontaneous ventilation was maintained. Transient desaturation occurred once during sedation and four times in the control group ( P =0.34). P E CO 2 was 5.3 ± 0.5 kPa (40 ± 4 mmHg) in the study group and 4.1 ± 0.6 kPa (31 ± 5 mmHg) in the control group ( P < 0.001). Induction and discharge times were shorter in the study group ( P < 0.001), recovery times did not differ significantly between the groups. Our study confirms that a combination of rectal and supplemental intravenous S‐(+)‐ketamine plus midazolam is a safe and useful alternative to general anaesthesia for MRI in selected paediatric patients.