Recruitment and survival of Argyrodendron actinophyllum seedlings in an Australian rainforest

The capacity of seedlings to survive for extended periods beneath intact forest increases the likelihood of regeneration of many species of canopy trees in rainforests. I studied the demographics of Argyrodendron actinophyllum (F.M.Bail.) H.L.Edlin seedlings in a subtropical rainforest in northern New South Wales. A mast seeding of A. actinophyllum was observed and subsequent survival of seedlings monitored over a four year period. Densities of seedlings that emerged correlated with seedfall, while seedfall depended on the size and distance to the surrounding trees. Mortality of seedlings showed density‐dependence at higher seedling densities (above about 100 seedlings m −2) , apparently in response to browsing pressure that varied with the density of seedlings. Seedlings that were protected from vertebrates by exclosure cages had lower mortality rates than unprotected seedlings and showed no density response. Glasshouse experiments showed seedling growth was reduced by defoliation, light intensity and initial seed weight, and that seedlings could not persist at light intensities below about 1% ambient, which occur in darker patches on the forest floor. Possible mechanisms whereby the observed spatial and temporal patterns of seedling recruitment could reduce the likelihood of the species becoming more common relative to other tree species in the forest are discussed.