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Comparison of hangover effects among triazolam, flunitrazepam and quazepam in healthy subjects: A preliminary report
Author(s) -
Takahashi Taro,
Okajima Yuka,
Otsubo Tempei,
Shinoda Junko,
Mimura Masaru,
Nakagome Kazuyuki,
Kamijima Kunitoshi
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
psychiatry and clinical neurosciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.609
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1440-1819
pISSN - 1323-1316
DOI - 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2003.01121.x
Subject(s) - triazolam , flunitrazepam , actigraphy , multiple sleep latency test , morning , hypnotic , medicine , somnolence , psychology , anesthesia , benzodiazepine , circadian rhythm , pharmacology , excessive daytime sleepiness , sleep disorder , adverse effect , insomnia , receptor
The aim of the present study was to compare the hangover effects of night‐time administration of triazolam (0.25 mg), flunitrazepam (1 mg) and quazepam (15 mg) in healthy subjects. Daytime sleepiness and performance level following the night‐time administration of the drugs were assessed using Standford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ), Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), actigraphy recordings and Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Fifteen healthy volunteers were given one of the three hypnotics at each drug session, which lasted for 1 week, in a single‐blind cross‐over fashion. No significant between‐drug difference was observed for the psychomotor performance assessed by CPT. Subjective hangover effects assessed by SSS and SEQ in the morning were prominent for flunitrazepam and quazepam relative to triazolam, whereas objective indices such as MSLT or activity counts obtained in actigraphy indicated a marked hangover effect of quazepam compared with the other two compounds restrictively in the afternoon, which were nearly in accordance with their pharmacokinetic profiles.