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Kinetics of inflammatory cytokines in the clearance of non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae from the lung
Author(s) -
Foxwell A Ruth,
Kyd Jennelle M,
Cripps Allan W
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
immunology and cell biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.999
H-Index - 104
eISSN - 1440-1711
pISSN - 0818-9641
DOI - 10.1046/j.1440-1711.1998.00771.x
Subject(s) - haemophilus influenzae , kinetics , microbiology and biotechnology , lung , haemophilus , immunology , medicine , virology , biology , physics , bacteria , antibiotics , genetics , quantum mechanics
Levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IFN‐γ were measured from the time of infection to the time of complete clearance of non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) from the lung in immune and non‐immune rats. Mucosal immunization facilitated production of significant levels of TNF‐α as early as 30 min post‐pulmonary challenge with NTHi in immune animals. Following the peak at 2 h, rapid decline of TNF‐α levels occurred from the alveolar spaces. Levels of TNF‐α in non‐immunized animals increased at a slower rate, peaked at a lower concentration and were slower to decline. The significantly larger number of macrophages seen in the immune animals at 1 h after bacterial challenge could partially account for the higher levels of TNF‐α. Interferon‐γ was not detected in immune or non‐immune rats at any time point before NTHi clearance after pulmonary challenge. Study of the kinetics of TNF‐α release demonstrates that immunized animals control the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines more effectively than non‐immunized animals for enhanced clearance of bacterial infection from the lungs.