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Primary mesenchyme cell‐ring pattern formation in 2D‐embryos of the sea urchin
Author(s) -
Katow Hideki,
Nakajima Yoko,
Uemura Isao
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
development, growth and differentiation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.864
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1440-169X
pISSN - 0012-1592
DOI - 10.1046/j.1440-169x.2000.00480.x
Subject(s) - mesenchyme , sea urchin , ingression , hemicentrotus , ring (chemistry) , microbiology and biotechnology , embryo , biology , anatomy , chemistry , gastrulation , embryogenesis , organic chemistry
Primary mesenchyme cell (PMC) migration during PMC‐ring pattern formation was analyzed using computer‐assisted time‐lapse video microscopy in spread embryos (2D‐embryo) of the sea urchin, Mespilia globulus , and a computer simulation. The PMC formed a near normal ring pattern in the 2D‐embryos, which were shown to be an excellent model for the examination of cell behavior in vivo by time‐lapse computer analysis. The average migration distance of the ventro‐lateral PMC aggregate‐forming cells (AFC) and that of the dorso‐ventral PMC cable‐forming cells (CFC) showed no significant difference. All PMC took a rather straightforward migration path to their destinations with little lag time after ingression. This in vivo cell behavior fitted well to a computer simulation with a non‐diffusable chemotaxis factor in the cyber‐cell migration field. This simulation suggests that PMC recognize their destination from a very early moment of cell migration from the vegetal plate, and implicates that a chemoattractive region is necessary for making the PMC migration pattern. The left‐ and right‐lateral AFC and dorso and ventral CFC were each derived from an unequally divided one‐quarter segment of the vegetal plate. This suggests that AFC and CFC have a distinctive ancestor in the vegetal plate, and the PMC are a heterogeneous population at least in terms of their destination in the PMC‐ring pattern.