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Biocontrol of Fusarium and Verticillium Wilt of Tomato by Penicillium oxalicum under Greenhouse and Field Conditions
Author(s) -
Larena I.,
Sabuquillo P.,
Melgarejo P.,
De Cal A.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
journal of phytopathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.53
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1439-0434
pISSN - 0931-1785
DOI - 10.1046/j.1439-0434.2003.00762.x
Subject(s) - transplanting , biology , seedbed , sowing , fusarium wilt , agronomy , conidium , rhizosphere , fusarium , pythium , verticillium , horticulture , inoculation , population , biological pest control , fusarium oxysporum , bacteria , genetics , demography , sociology
Treatments with conidia of Penicillium oxalicum produced in a solid‐state fermentation system were applied at similar densities (6 × 10 6 spores/g seedbed substrate) to tomato seedbeds in water suspensions (T1: 5 days before sowing, or T2: 7 days before transplanting; 15 days after sowing), or in mixture with the production substrate (T3: 7 days before transplanting; 15 days after sowing). Treatments T2 and T3 significantly (P = 0.05) reduced fusarium wilt of tomato in both greenhouse (artificial inoculation) (33 and 28%, respectively) and field conditions (naturally infested soils) (51 and 72%, respectively), while treatment T1 was efficient only in greenhouse (52%). Verticillium wilt disease reduction was obtained with T3 in two field experiments (56 and 46%, respectively), while T1 and T2 reduced disease only in one field experiment (52% for both T1 and T2). Treatment with conidia of P. oxalicum plus fermentation substrate (T3) resulted in better establishment of a stable and effective population of P. oxalicum in seedbed soil and rhizosphere providing populations of approx. 10 7 CFU/g soil before transplanting. Results indicate that it will be necessary to apply P. oxalicum at a rate of approx. 10 6 –10 7 CFU/g in seedbed substrate and rhizosphere before transplanting for effective control of fusarium and verticillium wilt of tomato, and that formulation of P. oxalicum has a substantial influence on its efficacy.